Uranium was first discovered in 1789 by a man named Martin Heinrich Klaproth. Martin was a man that lived in the late 1700's until the early 1800's and lived as a German chemist. He named uranium after the planet Uranus.
He was studying the mineral pitchblende when he stumbled upon an entirely new element which is now called Uranium. Due to the discovery of uranium in pitchblende, the name was changed from pitchblende to nitrate.